Synergistic Effect of Two Nanotechnologies Enhances the Protective Capacity of the <i>Theileria parva</i> Sporozoite p67C Antigen in Cattle

Abstract East Coast fever (ECF), caused by Theileria parva, is the most important tick-borne disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. Practical disadvantages associated with currently used live-parasite vaccine could be overcome subunit vaccines. An 80-aa polypeptide derived from C-terminal portion p67, a sporozoite surface Ag and target neutralizing Abs, was focus efforts on vaccines against ECF subjected to several trials very promising results. However, vaccination regimen far optimized, involving three inoculations 450 ?g soluble p67C (s-p67C) formulated Seppic adjuvant Montanide ISA 206 VG. Hence, an improved formulation this needed. In study, we report two nanotechnologies that enhance bovine immune responses p67C. Individually, HBcAg-p67C (chimeric hepatitis B core virus-like particles displaying p67C) silica vesicle (SV)–p67C (s-p67C adsorbed SV-140-C18, octadecyl-modified SVs) adjuvanted VG primed strong Ab T cell cattle, respectively. Coimmunization (Bos taurus) SV-p67C resulted stimulation both high titers CD4 response p67C, leading highest efficacy have achieved date immunogen. These results offer much-needed research depth innovative platforms for developing effective novel protein-based further advancement.